Root canals treat decayed or infected tooth pulp, the innermost part containing nerves and blood vessels. Once bacteria invades the pulp from deep cavities, cracks, or trauma, pain and infection are the most common symptoms. During the procedure, the dentist removes the infected pulp, cleans, disinfects, and fills the root canals with biocompatible material, preserving the tooth. The treated tooth is usually restored with a crown. Root canals are essential for maintaining natural teeth and oral health, avoiding extraction. While often viewed as uncomfortable, modern techniques and anesthesia minimize pain, allowing quick recovery.